Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells : VHIR Annual Report 2020

Oncology

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Overview

In 2020, the Area has been composed by eight groups addressing main unsolved issues in cancer, covering the fields of child and adolescent cancer, melanoma, gynecology, urology, cancer stem cells and molecular mechanisms of the tumor pathologies, as well nanomedicine. We work in close collaboration with the corresponding departments at the Hospital. This provides a unique opportunity to tackle the abovementioned pathologies during the entire course of the disease, from diagnosis (a focus and strength of our Area) to personalized treatment (gathering important international impact during 2020 in the field of child cancer). Our research in 2020 has been relevant also in the field of the use of nanotechnology in biomedical applications to improve therapeutic strategies and diagnostics. Despite, the COVID-19 pandemic, the Area has kept active at virtual shared activities and ONCO-VHIR seminars and the organization of the World Cancer Day event to get closer to the society. During 2020 in-Campus collaborations with VHIO have been strengthen and internalization of our research has been amplified. It is also noteworthy the shared scientific production in terms of publications between different groups of the Area and the stable collaborations between groups that have consolidated during these period.

Publications

174
total
926
impact factor
5.32
average impact factor

Group Leader: Matilde E. LLeonart

TSPAN1 protein was found to increase in CDDP-resistant cells, CSCs and biopsies from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. TSPAN1 depletion in parental and CDDP-resistant HNSCC cells reduced cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, decreased autophagy, sensitized to chemotherapeutic agents and inhibited several signaling cascades, with phospho-SRC (pSRC) inhibition being a major common target. TSPAN1 depletion in vivo decreased the size and proliferation of parental and CDDP-resistant tumors and reduced metastatic spreading. Notably, CDDP-resistant tumors showed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features that disappeared upon TSPAN1 inhibition, suggesting a link of TSPAN1 with EMT and metastasis. Analysis of HNSCC biopsies revealed that TSPAN1 expression was correlated with pSRC, and inversely with E-cadherin, thus reinforcing TSPAN1 association with EMT. Overall, we discover that TSPAN1 is as a novel oncogenic protein and a promising target for HNSCC therapy.

VHIR Annual Report 2020